The Nile River-Egypt - 1187 Words

The Nile River is arguably one of the most important water sources in the world and has an extremely rich history dating back thousands of years. Without the Nile, the ancient Egyptian civilization would have never existed. Egypt is basically a whole lot of sand and not much else, except they have the Nile River flowing through it, on it’s way to the Mediterranean sea. The ancient Egyptians lived along the Nile River and it provided them with abundant water, food (fish) and the opportunity to develop agriculture along it’s banks. The Nile River was also used for transportation and trade with other regions because land travel was more difficult than floating on the river. The Ancient Egyptians were at the mercy of the seasonal flooding and†¦show more content†¦Because they grew only one crop per year, the nutrients were not depleted quickly and of course, each flood washed new fertile sediment onto the floodplains where they planted their crops. (Struggle Over t he Nile). Damming of the Nile Life on the river was pretty much the same for thousands of years, until 1889 when the first Aswan Dam was built in an attempt to control the yearly floods. It proved to be insufficient and was raised two more times until it was decided to build another dam upstream in 1946. Once these dams were functional they provided many benefits to the rapidly growing population, including easier access to drinking water, irrigation for agriculture, electricity for modern life and fishing (Burke and Eaton) . Certainly the benefits to Egyptians were numerable and undeniable. The does not mean there were no negative impacts.The yearly floods no longer came and all that good, nutrient-rich silt that used to wash down the Nile and onto the flood plans was now blocked by the dams. â€Å"Before the Aswan High Dam, the Nile River carried about 124 million tons of sediment to the sea each year, depositing nearly 10 million tons on the floodplain and delta. Today, 98% of that sediment remains behind th e dam. The result has been a drop in soil productivity and depth, among other serious changes to Egypt’s floodplain agriculture. The Aswan Dam has also ledShow MoreRelatedNile River Impact Of Egypt1163 Words   |  5 PagesThe Nile River helped Egypt economically, socially, and religiously, and as a result Egypt was named â€Å"the Gift of the Nile† because of the given history of these great waters. The Nile has continued for centuries to provide whats necessary for the people of Egypt and their daily lives. The Nile River is truly a blessing to these people and Egypt would not be the same without it. Without the Nile, Egypt would have remained a hot desert. The people would have not been able to survive because thereRead MoreAncient Egypt : The Nile River1287 Words   |  6 PagesAncient Egypt Unified in around 3100 BC, Ancient Egyptians developed one of the best known cultures in this world. Egypt, like many other civilizations before and after it, depended and relied on geography and natural landforms to flourish. The most important of these was the Nile. The Nile River is the longest river in the world, spanning over 4,000 miles long. It runs from Central Africa and north to the Mediterranean Sea. The Egyptians developed on a 750-mile stretch of the Nile. EveryRead MoreHow Did The Nile River Affect Ancient Egypt833 Words   |  4 Pages The Nile River shaped the civilization of Ancient Egypt in many different and important ways, which includes agriculturally, geographically, and economically. It allowed them to grow crops in the harsh Sahara Desert. The Nile River determined where the Egyptians made their cities and settlements. It also allowed them to form a civilization with a booming economy when there was still wooly mammoths roaming the Earth. The Nile River was an essential in order for both ancient and modern Egypt to formRead More West Nile: Its Not Just a River In Egypt Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesWest Nile: Its Not Just a River In Egypt These Americans will go mad over just about anything. Lately there has been so much news coverage about the West Nile Virus my head is spinning. What I dont understand is why they are finally becoming concerned with it now! The news reports on the television say that it has been present in animals and humans on other continents for years though it was only documented in 1999.[1] It has taken what seems like a long time to spread across the continentRead MoreThe Great Pyramids of Giza are located in northern part of Egypt right besides the Nile River. The700 Words   |  3 PagesThe Great Pyramids of Giza are located in northern part of Egypt right besides the Nile River. The oldest and major â€Å"is the only surviving structure out of the famed seven wonders of the ancient world.† The other wonders are: The Colossus of Rhodes, The Statue of Zeus at Olympia, The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, The Hanging Gardens of Babylon, The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, and The Lighthous e of Alexandria. The Great Pyramids was constructed for King Khufu son of King Sneferu. Three separate andRead MoreAncient Egypt : The Greatest Ancient Civilizations869 Words   |  4 PagesAncient Egypt was one of the greatest ancient civilizations in human history. Ancient Egypt was the longest lasting civilization in the ancient world and lasted for about 2,500 years. ancient Egypt was able to last so long because of their many great accomplishments. The most important thing that lead to the accomplishments and success of ancient Egypt was The Nile River. Ancient Egypt is often referred to as the â€Å"Gift of the Nile† because of how important the Nile River was to the success and longevityRead MoreThe Socialization Of Egypt : The Gift Of The Nile819 Words   |  4 PagesEgypt truly was â€Å"the Gift of the Nile† because the Nile economically, spiritually, and socially provided support for Egypt. Without the Nile, Egypt would have remained a desert full of help lessness. Many believe that Egypt would have been nothing without the Nile as it is the root of everything in that nation including some ideas of religion. The Nile provided may things for the land of Egypt; physical needs, spiritual needs, and mental needs. The Nile allowed for a lot of socialization. PeopleRead MoreCharacteristics Of The Nile River733 Words   |  3 Pagesbanks of the Nile River. Developing a writing system called hieroglyphs, that combined pictures and symbols which later turned to be an alphabet is proof of their intelligence in becoming an advanced civilisation. They developed a writing system called hieroglyphs, that combined pictures and symbols which later turned to be an alphabet. This is proof of their intelligence in becoming an advanced civilisation. The Nile River attracted animal life such as birds and fish. Although Egypt was very innovativeRead MoreThe Importance Of The Nile On The North Africa1200 Words   |  5 PagesThe Nile is the longest river in the world. It flows from three branches: The Blue Nile, the White Nile and the Atbara. The Nile was the lifeline of Egypt. It shaped the nation s economy, determined its political structure and culture. While the surrounding deserts and oceans provided security to Egypt, the Nile provided Egypt with prosperity. The aim of this paper would be dedicated to showing the Importance of the Nile in the rise of successful states in North Africa. A first part will be dedicatedRead MoreThe Ways Of The Nile River1355 Words   |  6 PagesThe Nile River was important for the rise of successful states in North Africa not only because it provided a form of transportation but it also provided the land with water and nutrients which allowed for a very successful agriculture. The Nile River flows through Egypt, Zaire, Rwanda, Tanzanian, Sudan, Ethopia, Kenya, Uganda and Burundi and is the largest river in the world. North Africa is composed of six countries, which include Western Sahara, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt and Libya

Parameters of Ethical Decision Making - 1342 Words

Ethical decision making is an essential aspect in understanding and demonstrating the values of an organization. The intense pressures of business may not always allow time for reflection, and the high stakes may tempt us to compromise our ideals. Many of us already have well-developed ethical outlooks but by considering various approaches to ethical decision making, we are better equipped to make the right choices when the need arises. Joseph Weiss (2009) identifies fundamental ethical principles that guide decision making: utilitarianism, universalism, rights, justice, and ethical virtue. John Rawls contributes his Theory of Justice as Fairness as another approach for consideration in resolving ethical dilemmas. Utilitarianism The†¦show more content†¦Justice The justice approach suggests that â€Å"moral authority is determined by the extent opportunities, wealth, and burdens are fairly distributed among all† (Weiss, 2009). This principle can be used to say that ethical actions treat all people equally. Ethical Virtue The virtue approach to ethics tells that ethical actions ought to be consistent with ideal virtues that provide for the full development of our humanity. These virtues, such as truthfulness, integrity, and honesty, are dispositions and habits that enable us to act according to the highest potential of our character (scu.edu, 2012). Theory of Justice as Fairness The original position is a fair, impartial point of view that should be applied to our reasoning about the fundamental principles of justice. With this point of view, we are asked to imagine ourselves as free and equal people who jointly agree upon and commit to principles of social and political justice (Freeman, 2012). The veil of ignorance plays a large part in the concept of original position. Freeman (2012) states, â€Å"to insure impartiality of judgment, the parties are deprived of all knowledge of their personal characteristics and social and historical circumstances.† This concept secures for everyone the means that individuals need to pursue their interests and to maintain their self-respect as free and equal people. Compare and Contrast Principles Utilitarianism and universalism are similar in that they emphasizeShow MoreRelatedLegal and Ethical Parameters of Professional Nursing Practice Essay One879 Words   |  4 PagesLegal and ethical parameters of professional nursing practice essay one Professional nurses encounter a variety of legal ethical and bioethical issues on a daily basis. For this reason, it is essential that all nurses are aware of current state and national legislation, acts and guidelines and the implications of these for nursing practices as well as legal processes, principles of open disclosure and the role of a coroner in the health sector. In this way, nurses can adhere to the overarching guidelinesRead MorePharmaceutical Industry: Governance-Association Standards Two sided coin aspects of Governance in600 Words   |  3 Pageselement of governance describes the negative and positive sides of the pharmaceutical industrial parameters. Good governance is one of the factors for economic growth and sustainable development at almost all sectors of society. The chaos in such negative parameters, are the prime drawbacks and violence that are failed and clearly pictures the results that prevents bad governance exist. There are many parameters that define pharmaceutical governance with a prospect of corporate social responsibility. EvenRead MoreA Code Of Ethics And Its Impact On A Client s Mental Health939 Words   |  4 PagesCounseling takes many different roads in the direction of improving a client’s mental health. These roads all lead to a common goal, but the therapist must be diligent in the direction chosen. A code of ethics provides the parameters for proper and effective treatment and boundaries protect the process of healing. Understanding how these two critical components interweave into this process aids in the conceptual framework of therapy. It may become necessary to expand upon and even cross the theoreticalRead MoreThe Importance Of Acting Ethically When Working As A Nurse1318 Words   |  6 Pagesworking in the nursing profession are often subject to frequent ethical dilemmas. It is essential for all nurses to be aware of the importance of ethics in health care and to practice within the ethico-legal parameters that govern the profession. However, while this is relatively easy in theory, ethics is not a black and white subject and often one’s culture, upbringing, attitudes and beliefs can influence what one views as ethical and this can therefore influence practice. This report will discussRead MoreApplied Statistics in Business and Economics Ch 1944 Words   |  4 Pagesanalyzing, interpreting, and presenting data.  TRUE 2. Inferential statistics refers to generalizing from a sample to a population, estimating unknown parameters, drawing conclusions, and making decisions.     TRUE 3. Descriptive statistics refers to summarizing data rather than generalizing about the population.   FALSE 4. Estimating parameters and testing hypotheses are important aspects of descriptive statistics.     FALSE 5. Inconsistent treatment of data by a researcher is a symptomRead MoreEuthanasi Death And Dignity Act1674 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause it would be disobeying their Hippocratic Oath. The Hippocratic Oath states that doctors would not harm their patients. This would be hard for any doctor to follow through euthanasia unless the act of euthanasia is not against their moral and ethical standards. From the family’s perspective, there are two different sides of understanding euthanasia including the family of the patient and the patient himself. The patient knows if he or she continues to live and does not take part in euthanasiaRead MoreJust Business Christian Ethics For The Marketplace1575 Words   |  7 Pagesas a balance of holiness, justice and love. If each of these is areas is met the decision is moral. Badaracco, in comparison, points out in his title â€Å"Leading Quietly-An Unorthodox Guide to Doing the Right Thing†, his view is not conforming to rules, traditions, or modes of conduct, as of a doctrine, religion, or philosophy (dictionary.com, 2014). By the title of his book, Badaracco identifies his decision making as not based on a religious worldview. Badaracco’s view supports his concept â€Å"useRead MoreJust Business Christian Ethics For The Marketplace1578 Words   |  7 Pagesas a balance of holiness, justice and love. If each of these is areas is met the decision is moral. Badaracco, in comparison, points out in his title â€Å"Leading Quietly-An Unorthodox Guide to Doing the Right Thing†, his view is not conforming to rules, traditions, or modes of conduct, as of a doctrine, religion, or philosophy (dictionary.com 2014). By the title of his book, Badaracco identifies his decision making as not based on a religious worldview. Badaracco’s view supports his concept â€Å"useRead MoreEssay about Ethics in Nursing Research1015 Words   |  5 Pages Conducting quality research requires the researcher to perform within both ethical and legal guidelines. â€Å"Ethics is the study of right and wrong† (Houser, J., 2012, pg.50). Ethics provide the avenue for decision making and are guided by the researcher’s integrity. Legal guidelines provide direction to the researcher by specifying what is required by law to conduct research. As a nurse researcher, it is an ethical duty to advocate for patients when incompetent, unethical or illegal practicesRead MoreUsing Utilitarian Ethicals to Determine Right From Wrong Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesfor a company that makes transistors were presented with an ethical dilemma. They were the last transistor company that was selling to a pacemaker company as a result of other companies ba cking out of the business due to the failure of some pacemakers leading to deaths of some of those who used them. At the time, pacemaker technology was extremely new and had yet to develop into the ground breaking product that it is today. The ethical dilemma presented to the board was whether or not to continue

Introduction to data science

Question: Write a report to discuss advance and efficient techniques for the Data Collection. Answer: 1. Introduction As discussed by Provost and Fawcett (2013), Data science refers to the interdisciplinary study of all the critical processes and the business systems for the extraction of the mission-specific data in diverse forms, including the structured data and the unstructured ones. This field is related to the domain of Data analysis and may be considered similar to the data statistics, mining and specific forms of Data Prediction Analytics. As argued by Rodriguez et al. (2015), with the advent of the Internet and the technological advancements of the Information and Communication Technology, E-businesses have adopted a variety of techniques, not only for the production and the supply chain management but also for considering the consumers as a direct stakeholder (Xie et al. (2016). As a result, the point of concentration has shifted from just the production to the consumer satisfaction as well as customer loyalty. The report aims to deliver a number of advanced and efficient techniques for the Data Collection, Data Storage and Recommendation system for allowing the customer to choose from a wide range of bakery products of the E-business named Cookies Limited. The report includes all the effectives necessary for the recommendation data analysis and collection. Apart from this, the study involves the insight into the Consumer-centric Product design to target the points of consumer satisfaction and loyalty that may turn up as the key contributors towards the increased sales in this ultra-competitive e-business industry. The report suggests the implementation of the Intelligent Matching System for the storage of the relevant data and the retrieval of the appropriate data from the database. Besides, another important section of the report is the plans and the strategy that are formulated for the continuity of the e-business in case of any disaster such as a power outage, which has been briefly dis cussed. 2. Data collection and storage: 2.1 Process and techniques of the data collection: According to Weng et al. (2013), one technique for the analysis of the user information and the prediction of the choices is the study of the community characteristics. The community characteristics are studied by evaluating the relational probabilities of the users and the flavors. The study involves a dendrogram that consists of the nodes to represent the user ant the variety of cookies/flavors. Figure 1: The community data in the form of a hierarchical random graph (Source: Newman 2013) The random graph proves useful in this study, as the probability of the relatively higher node is less than the probability of the lower node. The nodes are joined by the edge that has the probability corresponding to the least common predecessor of the dendrogram. The differences in the probabilities result in the random graph for the community analysis of the prediction of the flavors as per the customers (Newman 2013). 2.1.1 Matching system method: The system generates matching results using limited information. It creates and indexes the collected data to the database. Intelligent Matching System: According to Wang (2015), the Intelligent Matching system is a technique for the management of the data, which includes the searching, the indexing and the retrieval of data from the database. The operations follow a sequential data sort and search algorithms and the queries involve the human-resembling inference methodologies. Figure 2: Structure of the Intelligent Matching System (Source: Kasabov 2013) Matching model; Star shaped relationship graph method: The graph model uses two types of relationship graphs namely the Product graph and the User relationship model. The blue lines display the mapping functions for the community analysis. Figure 3: Matching function graph of the Product graph and the user relationship graph (Source: Jeong et al. 2016) Thus, by matching the characteristics of the users and the attributes or the flavors of the cookies or the other products, the relation mapping is done for the recommendations. 2.2 Data storage and construction system: In case of the data storage issues for the recommendation systems, the access to the database becomes slow, if the data is stored in the hard disk. So, the bottleneck problem is avoided by storing the data in the memory directly. According to Pham and Jung (2014), the data can be stored at a reduced price of 2 GB. By choosing a particular Memory Reader, the access can be made more efficient. Suppose the user prefers a particular cookie flavor, the system uses two hash tables. Figure 4: A sample hash table for the data storage (Source: Snchez et al. 2016) The two tables may be headed as UId and the CId. None of the tables consumes more than 24 bits for the storage. If the platform chosen is Java, then an int takes 32 bits. Consequently, the the UId and the Cid bits are shifted to the upper 24 bits and are stored in the lower bits. The chosen technique is efficient because it performs the bitwise operations, reduces the estimated memory space and facilitates the fast access to the databases. 2.2.1 Collaborated data storage and collection: Figure 5: Data collection and storage (Source: Bobadilla et al. 2013) 3. Data in action: 3.1.1 Consumer-centricity for the product design of Cookies Limited: According to Moskowitz et al. (2012), the consumer-centric product design not only determines the extent of the consumer services but also involves the consumer experience from the awareness or the online website visiting stage to the purchasing stage followed by the very important post-selling stage to determine the consumer feedback. The design is most likely to discover the consumer behavior towards the sequential services and the organizational dependencies on them for the improved business. Figure 5: Consumer centricity aspects for Cookies Limited (Source: Harris 2013) 3.1.2 Need for Consumer-centric product design: The economic downturn shifted the power of the brands from just their products to the consumer experiences and their preferences. As argued by Huang and Benyoucef (2013), the brands to respect the consumers provide them great service along with product qualities won the race. The prime reason for the design of such a system is that the consumers have now the authority to compare the products of other bakeries efficiently across various commercial platforms, following the advent of the social media. As discussed by Mattila et al. (2016), the most probable of the challenges faced by Cookies Limited for the consumer-centric design may be the lack of information transformation across all the operational departments. 3.1.3 Consumer-centric product design for Cookies Limited: 3.1.3.1 Generating Consumer-centric value: The consumer value may be regarded as the prime marketing concept for Cookies Limited, especially because it lies in the food industry. Thus, the consumer analysis is vital for this case. According to Maglio and Spohrer ( 2013), the resources of Cookies Limited can be classified as the tangible and the intangible resources along with the conceptual operant and the operand resources, which are critical for better consumer services. The operand resources are those exchanged thorough the product delivery. The operant resources are those, which are exchanged based on the service-oriented methodology (Maglio and Spohrer 2013). Figure 6: Resources and the Consumer value dimension (Source: Mackeviciute and Skudiene 2013) The resources have respective dimensions. The core product for Cookies Limited is the cookies. So, the dimensions of the products are the cookies price and the flavor quality. On the other hand, the operant resources consist of the service of Cookies Limited towards the consumers. According to Fiore et al. (2013), the service has dimensions namely Fundamental service, Competence, and Complementary cookies and gifts. Fundamental service: These are the basic services of the operations until the consumer is provided with the intended cookie product. These include the delivery services, the transaction actions and bill involving, the hours of cookie service etc. Competence: It comprises the knowledge of the operations within Cookies Limited, the skills of the employees and the consumer-centric product service capabilities. The skills and the knowledge base of the Cookies Limited employees must be capable of handling the IT operations regarding the product service business. Complementary cookies and gifts: This section concentrates upon the post sales or the sales associated actions, that need to be taken by Cookies Limited. This includes the complementary sales of the products, partner sales, complementary cookies for above-limit purchase, complementary gifts for kids and relevant products for the consumers etc. 3.1.3.2 Generating consumer relationship value: Cookies Limited should consider the consumer value for the consumer-centric product design. As discussed by Anker et al. (2015), the Customer Relationship Management is an useful tool to generate the consumer relationship value. The CRM helps to select the consumer form the database, and for creating separate groups for the loyal and esteemed customers. The benefits of CRM are- Provide improved service to the consumers Improve Consumer revenues Discover newly introduced consumers for Cookies Limited Cross selling of services to the consumers Helps the Cookies Limited employees to perform effective sales operations Assign values to the loyal consumers 3.1.3.3 Consumer loyalty, satisfaction, and the interrelationship of the services of Cookies Limited and the core product vale: The analysis of the consumer reviews and the no of visits to Cookie Limited can determine the extent of the consumer loyalty and the consumer satisfaction. More the satisfaction of the consumers more is their loyalty i.e. increased visits and repeated purchases from Cookies Limited. The operand resources namely the cookie price, the cookie flavors, and the quality are profoundly connected to the combination of Consumer loyalty and the satisfaction. The consumer-centric product design is primarily based on the consumer service values and the dependency of the core product values on the service factors. 3.2 Recommendation System for Cookie Limited: 3.2.1 Recommendation System introduction: According to Wu et al. (2015), the recommendation system is a child class of the Information Filtering system and is implemented to estimate the liking or the preference of the consumer assigned to a particular item or a number of parallel items. 3.2.2 Implementing Recommendation System in Cookies Limited: Cookies Limited is intending to provide the customers a choice of multiple products. To facilitate this, the Product Recommendation System is in vogue to offer a wide range of choices for the products. The system deploys an Information Filtering system, which predicts the users characteristics and his/her choices for the product. Information Filtering System: The system is classified into two filtering categories based on Context and Collaboration. Category based filtering Data contents Context based Uses the data contents of the user or the cookies/flavors Uses language processing and Information search Uses Metadata (Product description) Shallow range of recommendation Requires small sized data Collaboration based Uses user estimation Uses cookie/flavor similarities Uses other users estimation data Wide range of recommendation Requires large sized data Assigns methods based on user and item/product Table 1: The recommendation systems (Source: Jeong et al. 2016) 4. Business Continuity: 4.1 Business continuity plan in case of power outages: The Business Continuity plan for Cookies Limited must address the following aspects to counter the power outage issues. 4.1.2 Pre Power-outage strategy: Business continuity strategy: According to Cook (2015), the first step is to determine the business operations and mainly the electronic components that may be affected by the power outage. The components include the computer hardware, the elevators, the security and alarming systems of Cookies Limited and the processes include the bakery operations besides the heating or cooling facilities. The strategy suggests to prepare an inventory planning for the equipments that require to be turned off while the outage occurs and get restarted on power restore. Another important measure is to determine the extent to which the bakery services are to be disrupted. The technical planning includes the implementation of Surge Protectors for power supply to the electronic items. The testing operations involve the creation of backup for the battery system, the fire protection operations, system securities etc. Alternative and emergency power sources: There has to be standby backup power sources for emergency electronic operations. One recommendation is the use of battery-driven and solar powered lighting and oven operations. Establishing secure locations for the assets: There must be enough shelter space for Cookies Limiteds employees, the suppliers of the raw materials or the consumers (customers), who may be present at the time of the power outage. The shelter must contain the minimum of the physiological requirements for the people present. 4.1.3 Simultaneous power outage strategy: Equipment safety and backup power: The emergency or backup power sources must be deployed. The best to unplug the electrical components to prevent any type electric surge following the power restore. 4.1.4: Post Power outage strategy: The first step includes the turning on of the most vital equipments first. However, a span of 15 minutes must be allowed to prevent the overloading of the electric supply system and to permit the stabilization of the electric supply (Cook 2015). 4.2 Business continuity and the disaster management strategy for Cookies Limited: According to Snedaker (2013), The significance of every phase of the business continuity planning is that each phase has importance regarding the key aspects of the business continuity plan namely Recovery from a disaster, Recovery of the business, Resuming the BAU, and contingency strategy. The phases of the business continuity planning are- Figure 7: Phases of the business continuity strategy (Source: Heng 2015) The different and the efficient plans for the continuity strategy of Cookies Limited are- Figure 8: Plans for the business continuity (Source: Heng 2015) According to Cheni et al. (2013), the service operations and the continuity planning not only focuses on the production data center but also on the key features of the consumer end. The most important recovery tactics include the OEM insurance and the Quick Ship tactics. The Original Equipment Manufacturers insurance: The monthly bill may cost Cokies Limited 6-8% of the maintenance cost. The manufactures or the vendor offers an insurance of replacing the damaged equipments. Quick Ship: The vendors or the third-parties also provide quick shipment of the damaged and the replaced hardware. 4.3 Commercial recovery niches for Cookies Limited: According to Agneeswaran and Venkataraja (2012), the commercial recovery sites facilitate the continuity of the operations in the case of hardware and equipment disasters. Hot site and cold sites: The hot sites are always ready to provide operational platforms. The hot sites are armed with office space, telephone jacks and other computer components for the tackling of the disaster issues. The cold sites offer the same office spaces but not any hardware and other equipments; they only provide the place for the hardware to be shifted to(Agneeswaran and Venkataraja 2012). Mobile sites: The mobile sites provide spaces for computationally smaller hardware. They can be formed at convenient small places like the parking lot of the bakery office (Agneeswaran and Venkataraja 2012). Data storage: The data storage facilities consist of the Off-site data storage options and the technique called E-vaulting. The budget and the resource analysis may help in setting up off-shore data centers for the secondary storage during disasters, at another branch or any other geographically convenient location. The E-vaulting involves the transposition of data from the subscribers place to the hot sites. A popular implementation of Electronic Vaulting is through the use of the PC/LAN (Agneeswaran and Venkataraja 2012). 5. Conclusion: The research successfully addresses the key mission-specific aspects of the E-business methodologies for the Cookies Limited namely the Data collection and storage for the Recommendation and the Intelligent Matching systems. Besides, the Star-relationship graph and the Hierarchical random graph are simply one of the best techniques to conduct the community study for the users and the relative attribute study for the products. Apart from this, the Consumer-centric product design is detailed in this report. This portion of the study will highlight the prime necessities of considering the consumers as the direct stakeholders of the production and the sustenance of the market value for Cookies Limited. The plans and strategy suggested in the Business Continuity section are the effective set of techniques, which are implemented for the continuity of the business and the recovery from any disaster including a heavy power outage. 6. References: Agneeswaran, V.S. and Venkataraja, H.N., Oracle International Corporation, 2012.Reducing recovery time for business organizations in case of disasters. U.S. Patent 8,112,659. Anker, T.B., Sparks, L., Moutinho, L. and Grnroos, C., 2015. Consumer dominant value creation: a theoretical response to the recent call for a consumer dominant logic for marketing.European Journal of Marketing,49(3/4), pp.532-560. Bobadilla, J., Ortega, F., Hernando, A. and Gutirrez, A., 2013. Recommender systems survey.Knowledge-Based Systems,46, pp.109-132. Cheni, R.K., Sinha, A. and Narayan, S., 2013.Enhanced Light Weight Frontal Crash Box Design for Low Speed and Insurance Tests(No. 2013-26-0023). SAE Technical Paper. Cook, J., 2015. A six-stage business continuity and disaster recovery planning cycle.SAM Advanced Management Journal,80(3), p.23. Fiore, A.M., Niehm, L.S., Hurst, J.L., Son, J. and Sadachar, A., 2013. Entrepreneurial marketing: Scale validation with small, independently-owned businesses.Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness,7(4), p.63. Harris, J.E., 2013. Customer Centricity: What It Is, What It Isn't, and Why It Matters.Journal of Consumer Marketing. Heng, G. (2015). Business Continuity Management Planning Methodology. IJDRBC, 6, pp.9-16. Huang, Z. and Benyoucef, M., 2013. From e-commerce to social commerce: A close look at design features.Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,12(4), pp.246-259. Jeong, J., Son, Y., Ko, S. and Oh, S., 2016, January. An Intelligent Matching System for the Products of Small Business/Manufactures with the Celebrities. InMATEC Web of Conferences(Vol. 54). EDP Sciences. Kasabov, N., 2013.Evolving connectionist systems: Methods and applications in bioinformatics, brain study and intelligent machines. Springer Science Business Media. Maglio, P.P. and Spohrer, J., 2013. A service science perspective on business model innovation.Industrial Marketing Management,42(5), pp.665-670. Mattila, J., Seppl, T. and Holmstrm, J., 2016, April. Product-centric Information Management: A Case Study of a Shared Platform with Blockchain Technology. InIndustry Studies Association Conference. Moskowitz, H.R., Beckley, J.H. and Resurreccion, A.V., 2012.Sensory and consumer research in food product design and development. John Wiley Sons. Newman, M.E., 2013. Spectral methods for community detection and graph partitioning.Physical Review E,88(4), p.042822. Pham, X.H. and Jung, J.J., 2014. Recommendation system based on multilingual entity matching on linked open data.Journal of Intelligent Fuzzy Systems,27(2), pp.589-599. Provost, F. and Fawcett, T., 2013.Data Science for Business: What you need to know about data mining and data-analytic thinking. " O'Reilly Media, Inc.". Rodriguez, M., Peterson, R.M. and Ajjan, H., 2015. CRM/social media technology: impact on customer orientation process and organizational sales performance. InIdeas in Marketing: Finding the New and Polishing the Old(pp. 636-638). Springer International Publishing. Snchez, P., Bellogn, A. and Cantador, I., 2016, June. Studying the Effect of Data Structures on the Efficiency of Collaborative Filtering Systems. InProceedings of the 4th Spanish Conference on Information Retrieval(p. 8). ACM.MackeviÄ iÃ…Â «tÄ—, E. and kudienÄ—, V., 2013. Customer perceived value impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty: case of bakery and confectionery B2B market in Lithuania.MackeviÄ iÃ…Â «tÄ—, E. Customer perceived value impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty: case of bakery and confectionery B2B market in Lithuania: master thesis [Manuscript]. Kaunas, ISM University of Management and Economics, 2013. Snedaker, S., 2013.Business continuity and disaster recovery planning for IT professionals. Newnes. Wang, Y., 2015. Towards the abstract system theory of system science for cognitive and intelligent systems.Complex Intelligent Systems,1(3), pp.1-22. Weng, L., Menczer, F. and Ahn, Y.Y., 2013. Virality prediction and community structure in social networks.Scientific reports,3. Wu, D., Zhang, G. and Lu, J., 2015. A fuzzy preference tree-based recommender system for personalized business-to-business e-services.IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems,23(1), pp.29-43. Xie, K., Wu, Y., Xiao, J. and Hu, Q., 2016. Value co-creation between firms and customers: The role of big data-based cooperative assets.Information Management.

Signs, Symbols and Portents Essay Example

Signs, Symbols and Portents Essay Signs and symbols can be seen in all kinds of literature. Simply put, they are a concrete representation of an abstract concept. What they represent is not always obvious: they can have one or several meanings, and their meaning can change throughout the story. Sometimes, they are used by the author to foreshadow an event. Interpreting signs and symbols can be a challenge for a reader, but it is a rewarding one: it makes for a more profound and interesting reading. In this essay, I will discuss the role of signs and symbols in the work of Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville. Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter was first published in 1850. It is set in Boston, in the 17th century. It is the story of a woman, Hester Prynne, who has been punished by society because of her adultery. She has been forced to wear a scarlet A on her chest as a reminder of the sin she has committed. This scarlet letter, a written sign, is the novels main subject: it is also its main symbol. Charles Feidelson writes: The symbolistic method is inherent in the subject, just as the subject of symbolism is inherent in the method (Feidelson 1953: 13). Hawthorne also uses the main characters as symbols, pointing out the ways in which the scarlet letter affects them. Hester Prynne is condemned to wear the scarlet letter for the rest of her life because she has given birth to a child, Pearl, who is not her husbands. The fact that she has been punished in such a way tells us much about Puritan society: people were generally very pious and prude, and adultery was considered to be a great sin (Durst Johnson 1995). Hester could easily have fled from Boston and thrown away her scarlet letter, but she chooses to stay put and serve her punishment. The red A represents her sin, but it also symbolises the features of human nature that are not socially acceptable in Puritan America, such as passion (Feidelson 1953, Durst Johnson 1995). By continuing to wear it, even when she is told that she is allowed to take it off, she is making a statement. She is showing that she does not intend to change, and that she believes that the society around her should change, instead. She makes no excuses for her behaviour and devotes herself to humanitarian work. We will write a custom essay sample on Signs, Symbols and Portents specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Signs, Symbols and Portents specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Signs, Symbols and Portents specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Eventually, people see her under a different light: the red A that they used to associate with something devilish acquires a much more positive meaning. Hester is now seen as an Angel, or as Able. Soon after her condemnation, Hester embroiders the scarlet letter with golden thread. Doing so could mean two things: either she is mocking her punishment, or she could be trying to embellish the truth. She does not want to accept her passionate nature. This is very Puritanistic of her: the 19th century was the Age of the Euphemism (Durst Johnson 1995: ix) in America. People did not die, they passed away; a man was not drunk, he was unwell. Though Hester appears to accept her punishment, it can sometimes becomes a hard cross to bear. Hester herself is a symbol: she represents human nature. She is passionate, not infallible, and acknowledges it. At the same time, the way she has been raised has shaped her personality. It sometimes keeps her from fully embracing the aspects of her character that society finds objectionable. Nevertheless, her punishment has made her stronger, and more understanding of humanity. Her charitable work is a proof of this. Hester is a survivor. Dimmesdale, Pearls father, is a young minister in the community. The red A on Hesters chest could stand for Arthur, his first name. He also has a scarlet letter on his heart, a psychosomatic mark (Feidelson 1953: 11), but refuses to acknowledge it. He is a pious man who believes that there should be no room in his life for passion, but his scarlet letter is a permanent reminder that he cannot escape this trait of his personality. The letter tortures him, and he constantly seeks to punish himself. His health deteriorates throughout the novel. He refuses to acknowledge Pearl as his daughter until the very end, and when he does, he proclaims himself to be the one sinner of the world (Hawthorne 2002). He dies minutes after having shown his scarlet letter to the world. Dimmesdale is a symbol of Puritan society and its unwillingness to accept all aspects of human nature. Pearl, Hester and Dimmesdales daughter, has a symbolic role until the very end of the novel. She is an uncontrollable and mischievous child, and she is described as an demon offspring by the narrator. Comparisons between Pearl and the scarlet letter are numerous and obvious. Feidelson writes: Pearl, as Hawthorne reiterates at tiresome length, is the scarlet letter both physically and mentally (1953: 11). Pearl is obsessed with her mothers scarlet letter. In Chapter XV, she makes a green A out of eelgrass and puts it on her own chest. To Pearl, the letter is natural, and does not represent anything evil. She seeks the truth about it, and is constantly asking her mother questions, something that makes Hester uncomfortable. She is also the hardest truth-sayer in the novel (Durst Johnson 1995: 6), and knows the truth about Dimmesdale instinctively. Until he confesses to being her father, she calls him Mr. Black and refuses to kiss him. Throughout the novel, there is an intense connection between Pearl and truth. This indicates that the scarlet letter, which is symbolised by Pearl, represents the whole truth about human nature. Hawthorne writes: Be true! Be true! Be true! Show freely to the world, if not your worst, yet some trait whereby the worst may be inferred! (Hawthorne 2002: 269). By using the scarlet letter and his characters as symbols, Hawthorne is urging people to acknowledge every aspect of their own humanity (Durst Johnson 1995). Moby-Dick was published in 1851. Its author, Herman Melville, dedicated the novel to Nathaniel Hawthorne, who he admired greatly. In his tale of a whaling expedition gone wrong, Melville makes extensive use of signs and symbols. Ishmael, a member of the ships crew and the storys narrator, is a visionary (Feidelson 1953). He transforms the physical world into a symbolic world for the reader. The symbols used in Moby-Dick are most often more complex and ambiguous than the ones used in The Scarlet Letter. One of the major symbols in Moby-Dick is the whaling ship, the Pequod. It has been painted black, and is decorated with bones and teeth that have dissected out of dead whales. In addition to this, it has been named after an extinct Native American tribe. Though Ishmael seems to be very satisfied with the Pequod, the way he describes it makes it sound spooky. The Pequods appearance symbolises death, and its name makes the reader realise that the ship is doomed to sink. Ishmael says of the ship that it is a cannibal of a craft (Melville 1998: 61): much of the components of the ship are taken from whale parts, and it is a ship whose main purpose is killing whales. He is pointing out how men use nature for their own ends, and have no moral qualms about using a whale to kill another whale. The crew of the Pequod is made up of a variety of people from all over the world. Ishmael notes that most of the crew is made up of men who were born outside of America, but that the officer positions are generally occupied by Americans. He says: the native American liberally provides the brain, the rest of the world generously supplying the muscles (Melville 1998: 106). Melville could be commenting on social class differences between Whites and Blacks in the United States, or even on slavery. Though Ishmael seems to believe that the rest of the world is generously providing the muscles, it is probably fair to speculate that many of them would rather be given the chance to use their brains. Moby-Dick was published just ten years before the American Civil War broke out, and racial issues were extremely relevant. In spite of all this, the members of the crew seem to be getting along, and work well as a team. This could represent the American melting pot: people from every corner of the world having come to build a country and pulling together to make it happen. Melville had great hopes for American democracy, and this is one of the reasons why he wrote Moby-Dick (Selby 1998). Ahab, the ships captain, embodies an extreme version of a classic American type: the monomaniac, who has only one interest and devotes all his energy to it (Brodhead 1986). He dedicates his ship and his whole crew to his own personal mission: killing the great white whale, Moby Dick. He does not care whether lives are lost in the process, and he rules his ship like a tyrannical dictator would. D. H. Lawrence said of the sinking of the Pequod that it was the sinking of the white American soul (Selby 1998). By making Ahabs plan fail, Melville is showing the public what can happen when a monomaniac type such as Ahab goes too far. Moby Dick is central in Melvilles novel. It is a white whale of an extraordinary size: it is the most solid of physical things and the most meaningful of symbols (Feidelson 1953: 184). Moby Dick means something different to every character in the novel. To Starbuck, the first mate, it is just another whale, though a very dangerous one. He is irritated at the vendetta Ahab has against it, and wishes that the crew could work on its true mission, which is to hunt whales for their oil. Ishmael is fascinated by the whale, and terrified by its whiteness, as white is the visible absence of color, and at the same time the concrete of all colors (Melville 1998: 175). Ishmael does not know whether the whale is just a meaningless big fish colorless or a mystical being full of complex meanings, at once good and evil. To the rest of the crew, tales about the white whale are a diversion from their dangerous jobs, and a way to confront their own fears. Finally, to Ahab, it is the ultimate symbol of evil in this world. Moby Dick is the reason why he has lost a leg, and he is determined to seek revenge. D. H. Lawrence has suggested that the white whale could be some kind of a phallic symbol (Selby 1998). The whale has such strength and power that Ahabs desire to kill the whale could be a quest for acquiring absolute potency (Brodhead 1986). Ahab never succeeds in killing Moby Dick: instead, it is Moby Dick that sinks the ship. It is the revenge of nature over men, who keep trying to destroy it. After discussing the role of symbols and signs in The Scarlet Letter and Moby-Dick, I must agree with Nick Selby, who writes that symbolism, and the loose romanticism upon which it depends, is the key expressive tool of the American Renaissance' (1998: 55). There is more symbolism in these two literary works than in any other works I have studied this year. The symbols are rich in meaning and are given great importance. Spending time to interpret them is essential to a proper understanding of the text.